THE
PROBLEMS OF LAND ACQUISITION, COMPENSATION AND REHABILITATION OF DISPLACED
PERSONS IN INDIA-A CONSTITUTIONAL, LEGAL AND PUBLIC POLICY APPRAISAL
(With
Special Reference to Odisha)
By
Prof.(Dr.)
Pradip Kumar Sarkar
Proffessor,
P.G.Department of Law
Utkal
University, Vani Vihar
Sl.no. LIST
OF CONTENTS Page
No.
1. Abstract-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-4
2. Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------
5-11
3. Review
of Literature------------------------------------------------------------ 12
4. Description
of Research------------------------------------------------------- 13-15
(i)
Background
(ii)
Rational of the Study
(iii)
Objectives of the Study
(iv)
Scope of the Study
(v)
Methodology
5. References-----------------------------------------------------------------------
16
6. Time
Period-----------------------------------------------------------------------
17
(i)
Data Collection
(ii)
Data Analysis
(iii)
Report Writing
ABSTRACT
Orissa
is one of the most resource rich States in the Country characterized by Poverty
amidst plenty. Realizing this, Government has taken up a very large number of
Development Projects in the State ever since Independence to bring economic
prosperity for the people who lead a very sordid life – majority of whom live
below the poverty line. In fact, this is the State having the highest
percentage of persons (about 50%) living below the poverty line. Besides
Government, a good number of Business Houses also have been attracted to this
State because of its bountiful natural & mineral resources for harnessing
them and in the process have established Development Projects in different regions.
Statistical figures indicate that till 2000, about 20 lakh people have been
directly affected by Development Projects in varying degrees out of which about
5 lakh have been physically displaced losing their home & hearth from their
original habitat. Statistical figures further indicate that while
Dam/Irrigation Projects alone have displaced nearly 3.5 lakh people which is
roughly 70% of the total displaced persons, Industrial Projects have displaced
about 60,000 people which is 12% of the total displaced whereas the Mining
Projects, Urban Development Projects, thermal Projects & Wild Life
Sanctuaries have displaced 3.37%, 12.86%, 2.60% &0.5% of the total
displaced people in the State of Orissa.
Although the above referred figures account for the already completed
projects, there are a host of other projects which are either ongoing or are in
the pipeline in which about 2 lakh more people are expected to be displaced. As
it is widely known, displacement is very traumatic as it not only physically displaces
the people, but also causes environmental, social, economic & cultural
loses to the people which are immeasurable and which is very hard to compensate
& restore in the post-displacement stage.
It is however, the prime duty of the implementing agency (Government, if
the Project is a Government sponsored one and Private/Public Sector if it is
set up by the Private/Public Sector undertaking) to take all precautionary
measures in such a manner so that the Displaced Persons restore back their
pre-displaced living condition at the minimum. Looking at the magnitude of
displacement in various Development Projects in the State of Orissa, it is
therefore very important to examine & assess whether or not the Displaced
Persons of Development Projects have been able to reconstruct their former
living standards and if not the reasons thereto.
The
victims are suffering innumerable loss like property, livelihood, income, home,
identification etc ultimately become migrant labourers and paupers, suffering
social stigma and mental agony. This is a very big human rights issue and the
challenges are many. The victims are mostly tribal(indigenous) population. To
the extent these people have been displaced thrice in their life time.
Compensation
is not properly paid. Even Hirakud dam displaced victims are yet to be paid
compensation after more than 50 years.
In the absence of any law on
rehabilitation, it was expected that the judiciary will take a dynamic stance
while interpreting Article 21 of the Constitution, and grant relief to the
oustees. In any case, the judiciary has recognised that Article 21 incorporates
certain unenumerated rights in the enumerated Right to Life, and has given it a
broad interpretation to include right to life with dignity, and to mean more than
mere survival and mere animal existence. Right to be rehabilitated is the
logical corollary of the right to life with dignity. Thus, in the absence of
any enumerated right to be rehabilitated, the judiciary could correct the
legislative error by recognising the same as an unremunerated right under
Article 21 and it did the same in Narmada. However, it is important to
contextualize the decision to ascertain whether the expansion of Article 21 has
solved the problem at hand that is, providing rehabilitation to the displaced.
To protect the socio-economic
justice, equality and liberty of the persons displaced the Supreme court has
intervened in number of cases in order to make a balance between developmental
interest of the state and individual interest of the displaced person.
In B D Sharma v. Union of
India, (1992) Supp (3) SCC 93. it was ruled that the overarching projected
benefits from the dam should not be counted as an alibi to deprive the
fundamental rights of oustees. They should be rehabilitated before six months
of submergence.
The
legislature has shown unwillingness to enact a rehabilitation legislation even
after sixty years of independence. Although, the judiciary has granted rights
to the displaced prima facie, it did little to implement them. In fact the
Narmada and the Tehri judgments reflect how courts have supported the acts of
the government by taking a stand that would further their interest. The
situation now is that both the legislature and the judiciary have failed to
address the injustice caused to the internally displaced persons.
INTRODUCTION
Land
Acquisition and Compensation had started with britishers for the development of
railways and other constructions. They have enacted a legislation Land
Acquisition Act,1894. This legislation is still continuing with little
amendment. But in last two decades the problem of the land acquisition and
compensation has taken an ugly turn i.e. from launching movements (Narmada
Bachao of Medha Patkar) to violent turn (POSCO, TATA-Gopalpur). The Act is not
a balance statute but favours mostly the industries.
The
doctrine of eminent domain has been interpreted in Supreme Court cases and
government should not acquire land on behalf of private industries who is
existing mostly for profit motive. Even for public sector companies there is no
mechanism to assess as to how much land is actually required.
The
victims are suffering innumerable loss like property, livelihood, income, home,
identification etc ultimately become migrant labourers and paupers, suffering
social stigma and mental agony. This is a very big human rights issue and the
challenges are many. The victims are mostly tribal(indigenous) population. To
the extent these people have been displaced thrice in their life time.
Compensation
is not properly paid. Even Hirakud dam displaced victims are yet to be paid
compensation after more than 50 years.
Developmental
projects in India have displaced millions of people and yet there is not a
single national legislation on rehabilitation. Though the judiciary has
recognised the right to be rehabilitated as a fundamental right under Article
21 of the Constitution of India, the right was not granted in reality, as has
been seen in the cases of Narmada and Tehri dams.
The
Victims of National development is a new concept of 21st century.
The displaced persons are the victims and they have to pay the price for the
developmental projects of the nation.
The
term “Displaced Person” also includes the project affected persons but sometime
the statistical data ignores such persons who are also directly affected due to
displacement.
The
minimisation of displacement is crucial in the context of liberalisation and
the number increases day by day.
The
acquisition of land in India in last five decades has been doubled in last one
decade. The rational for many developmental projects is questionable.
Displacement due to
construction of dams mostly affected the tribal peoples and forest dwellers. A
national data is provided for its reference.
Dams and the displacement
of tribal people
|
Name of Project
|
State
|
Population facing displacement
|
Tribal People as percentage of
displacement
|
|
Karjan
|
Gujarat
|
11,600
|
100
|
|
Sardar Sarovar
|
Gujarat
|
200,000
|
57.6
|
|
Maheswar
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
20,000
|
60
|
|
Bodhghat
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
12,700
|
73.91
|
|
Icha
|
Bihar
|
30,800
|
80
|
|
Chandli
|
Bihar
|
37,600
|
87.92
|
|
Koel Karo
|
Bihar
|
66,000
|
88
|
|
Mahi Bajaj
Sagar
|
Rajasthan
|
38,400
|
76.28
|
|
Polavaram
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
150,000
|
52.90
|
|
Maithon &
Panchet
|
Bihar
|
93,874
|
56.46
|
|
Upper Indravati
|
Orissa
|
18,500
|
89.20
|
|
Pong
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
80,000
|
56.25
|
|
Inchampalli
|
Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra
|
38,100
|
76.28
|
|
Tultuli
|
Maharashtra
|
13,600
|
51.61
|
|
Daman Ganga
|
Gujurat
|
8,700
|
48.70
|
|
Bhakra
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
36,000
|
34.76
|
|
Masan Reservoir
|
Bihar
|
3,700
|
31.00
|
|
Ukai Reservoir
|
Gujurat
|
52,000
|
18.92
|
The
public sector mostly acquire forest land unused lands, whereas the private
sector acquires land for their profit, ignoring the fertility and quality of
land.
Which
land is suitable for what type of developmental project is a subjective satisfaction,
it varies person to person under different consideration.
For
example in West Bengal in 200 acre and 96 acre of land are acquired for Tata
Metalics and Birla farm near South Kharagpur in 1992 even if alternative land
was available near North Medinapur Railway station which was less furtile and
rocky in comparison to the land acquired. Both the farm never even took off but
it displaced hundreds of Lodha Tribal family.
The cause of displacement is the
acquisition of land for “public purpose”. The term public purpose has not been
defined under the Act. Question arises;
·
How much land is needed for the public
purpose?
·
Whether
in reality it is meant for the public purpose?
For
example-
1.
Two
third of the land acquired for HAL MIG plant at Sunabeda in 1996 lay vacant for
three decades and was later sold at high profit. Where 3000 tribal families
were displaced.
2.
Land
acquired on both sides of RORO irrigation canal in Jharkhand for public purpose later on given
to the relatives to the officials to build housing co-operatives.
3.
Burla
township has come up as an excess land acquired for Hirakud Dam.
4.
The
Bangalore Link Road needed 200 hectors but 1200 hectors of land was acquired
and the excess land was later on handed over to the companies for building
colonies for profit.
Regional Planning is absent:
The developmental projects are taken in
solution without proper regional planning. The consequence is multiple
displacements.
For
example-
1.
The
persons displaced by Rihand Dam in 1960 have been displaced four times.
2.
Saliga
Tribals displaced by Kabeni Dam of Karnataka
in 1970 are again displaced by Rajib Gandhi National park.
3.
The
fishing families displaced by Mangalore Port in 1960 were again displaced by
Konkon Railway in 1980.
Compensation
to the Displaced:
Always compensation should be
according to the replacement value.
It must include market value of
assets lost, lose of livelihood of Common Property Resource(CPR) dependents and
lose of others who live by rendering services to the village community.
Replacement value should include both material and monetary compensation which
will make possible for displaced person and project affected persons to begin
life anew.
They have to face a new economic
culture and society. They should be prepared psychologically, socially and
technically.
Compensation
cannot be only for patta land. It also includes the barbers, labourers, dhobi
and merchants, vendors who depend on village have to be helped to begin life
anew.
The
Common Property Resource(CPR) have to be replaced with viable alternatives. If
necessary training may be given and they may be made literate. All these
aspects are the part of the social cost of the project and cannot be ignored.
Consequences of
Displacement:
The
consequence of the present pattern of development is the continuing
powerlessness of the weaker sections due to displacement and without any
benefits from these development projects. Since independence, development
projects of the five-year plans have displaced about five lakh persons each
year primarily as a consequence of land acquisition. This figure does not
include displacement by non-plan projects. Changes in land use, acquisition for
urban growth and loss of livelihood have also caused environmental degradation
and pollution. Hydroelectrical and irrigation projects are the largest cause of
displacement and destruction of habitat. The other major sources are mines,
industrial complexes as well as military installations, parks and sanctuaries,
etc [Smitu Kothari 1996]. In the absence of firm project-wise data, estimates
of the total number of displaced persons due to planned development
intervention from 1951-90 ranges from the conservative estimate of 110 lakh to
an overall figure of 185 lakh [Fernandes and Thukral 1989].
Several
studies have documented the qualitative consequences of forced development.
These consequences vary with local circumstances, but the ultimate common
factor underlying the displacement effect is impoverishment. This occurs along
the following crucial dimensions: landlessness, homelessness, joblessness, food
insecurity, social disarticulation, loss of common property increased morbidity
and mortality [Cernea 1990].
Tribal
regions are more particularly affected in this process of development. A
significant number of displaced tribals have historically been dependent on
natural and common resources for their subsistence. Their displacement on a
massive scale adds a serious dimension to the problem. These tribal communities
have an ethos and a way of life based significantly upon their natural resource
base. Due to developmental projects, they are forced to move out of areas where
they have lived for generations. Apart from depriving them of their lands and
livelihood, displacement, other traumatic psychological and socio-cultural
consequences, tribals also have been victimised on the basis of their political
rights. These include dismantling of the production system, scattering of
kinship groups and family systems, disruption of trade and market links.
The
situation is further compounded by inadequate rehabilitation measures.
According to several case studies only 25 per cent of those displaced have been
rehabilitated properly. In most development projects it is found that the
attitude of project authorities towards affected people is apathetic and
negligent. More particularly, the situation gets aggravated by (a) the absence
of a strategy for re-addressing the problems resettlement creates and (b) by
inadequate planning and execution.
Many
sociologists and anthropologists have documented the above qualitative
consequences of forced displacement. A survey which was carried out among
tribal households in five villages at Talcher, Orissa [Pandey 1996] found an
increase in unemployment from 9 per cent to 43.6 per cent, accompanied by a
large shift from primary to tertiary occupation, and reported reduction in the
level of earning upto 50 to 80 per cent among tribes and scheduled castes. In
the Rengali irrigation project, Orissa, the percentage of landless families
after relocation has doubled [Ota 1996], while in the coal mining displacement
around Singrauli, the proportion of landless people skyrocketed from 20 per
cent before displacement, to 72 per cent after [Reddy 1997]. Another study of
seven projects causing displacement during 1950-94 in Orissa [Pandey et al
1997] found the problem of common property resources (CPR) in the
post-displacement period. In the Rengali project, the access to common grazing
lands and burial grounds, after dislocation came down from 23.7 per cent to
17.5 per cent.
Hence the meaning of
the term “public purpose” should be restricted.
The
Indian state has the power to compulsorily acquire private land for development
projects without the consent of the owner of such land. The only prevailing law
relating to involuntary displacement with an all-India coverage is the colonial
Land Acquisition Act of 1894 (hereinafter LAA). Other such laws (without direct
relevance to big dams) include the Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and
Development) Act 1957, the Forest Act 1927 and the Army Manoeuvres and Practice
Act, 1938. The most important principle underlying the LAA and related Acts is
the doctrine of ‘eminent domain’[1] ,
according to which the state enjoys ultimate power over all land within its
territory. It follows that the state has the right to invoke this right for the
‘public good’[2],
and the consequent compulsory acquisition of land cannot be legally challenged
or resisted by any person or community. In India, as we have noted, the only
national law regarding displacement is the LAA, which places no legal
obligation on either the project authorities or the state, beyond a limited
conception of adequate ‘compensation’.[3]
Displacement of people for the construction of dams and barrages under the LAA
was common in the pre-Independence era in India, but the concept of
rehabilitation was not heard of then. The displaced were only granted
compensation under the LAA for the land acquired.[4] The
notion of rehabilitation gradually emerged when it was realized that
compensation for land and property acquired was not enough to make good the
loss of the displaced. This notion was transformed into reality through
rehabilitation policies and packages in the context of projects like the
Narmada Valley and the Tehri Dam.The draft rehabilitation policy by N.C Saxena
in the 1990s did not pass through, despite its many positive aspects. The
subject gradually faded into oblivion until 2003 when the draft National
Rehabilitation Policy was notified by the NDA government. This policy came into
effect in February 2004 as the National Policy on Rehabilitation and
Resettlement for Project Affected Families. The National Advisory Council
(NAC), unsatisfied with this, sent its own revised policy draft to the
government. The bureaucracy then brought out a revised version of the 2003
Policy in the year 2006 which has become the National Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Policy of 2007.[5]
The
policy has been criticized to a great extent, and one major positive outcome of
these criticisms has been the fact that
the government is now considering a National Rehabilitation Act rather than
another rehabilitation policy.
The
Ministry of Rural Development is still in the process of drafting a bill to
that effect. The National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy which was
notified on the 31st of October 2007 has been severely criticized for having
the potential to cause further conflicts in land acquisitions and leading to human
rights abuses. Firstly, the policy, in spite of clearly stating its main aim of
minimising displacement, is silent on the procedure to be followed to enforce
the same. The absence of clear instructions provides enough scope for evading
responsibility by the project authorities. Since such an objective is
achievable only at the project conception stage when it could lead to the
change in the choice of technology and project size, the absence of such
directions would defeat the objective itself.[6] Secondly, the Policy while providing for
land-for-land compensation declares that this is subject to the availability of
government land in resettlement areas. Also, preference for employment in the
project for at least one member in the nuclear family is subject to the
“availability of vacancies and suitability of affected person”. Such qualifying
words only favour the project developers so that they can evade responsibility.
REVEIW
OF LITERATURE
Kernot (2003) presents a cursory
analysis of conflict-induced internal displacement in a research report and
discusses major issues such as scope and nature of displacement, number of
IDPs, responses to the displacement and so on.
Some of the national
organizations such as INSEC, INPED, NPC etc. have also observed the
conflict-induced internal displacement and pointed out the government's reluctance
on the situation. Reports by these organizations briefly describe the issue of
conflict-induced internal displacement but do not take it as the major concern
while analysing various consequences of the armed conflict. Moreover, there are
some individual contributions such as Khatiwada (2004), Nepal (2004) etc.
observing the situation of the IDPs in Nepal.
"Displaced population is a
microcosm, a sample of the wider community devastated by the indiscriminate
violence and destruction characteristic of most internal conflicts, often
compounded by racial, ethnic and religious animosities that provide political entrepreneurs
with tools for manipulation” (Deng, 1998). Internal displacement is not limited
within national borders; this is the first step in the massive outflow of
refugees across international borders.
"They are beset by hunger,
disease, and lack of adequate shelter. They are abused both by the government
and insurgent forces and suffer mortality rates of epidemic proportions. Tens
of millions of people in all continents, driven from their homes, have been
caught within the borders of their own countries with no international authority
in which to turn for assistance and protection” (Korn, 1999:2).
Areeparampil (1989) and Fernandes
et al. (1989) point out the concept of 'state of dispossession' while analysing
development-induced displacement. Such dispossession is not merely economic but
social, political as well as cultural. There is an idea of external as well as
internal colonialism in the name of 'development' for 'national interest'.
DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH
BACKGROUND:
1.
Compensation
has not been paid to the victims of displacement last 50 years.
Example:
Hirakud dam displace.
2.
The
land Acquisition Act has heavily tilted in favour of industry than
agriculturist.
3.
There
are tribal community who has displaced three times.
4.
Public
purpose must be well defined.
5.
Industries
have acquired vast acres of land which they hardly require and such lands lying
unutilised.
Example:
Tata-Gopalpur, Vedant.
RATIONAL OF THE STUDY:
As
the process of development cannot be totally ruled out and industrialisation in
the era of Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation(LPG) but the Human
Rights issues cannot be totally neglected. Under the present situation when the
plight of the victims are projected by Human Rights activists, media and civil
society. A harmonious relations between them is the call of the time.
OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY:
The
present studies have the following specific objectives:
Ø To know the defects, loopholes
and difficulties in Land Acquisition Act, 1894.
Ø To ascertain as to whether the
Project Displaced Families have reconstructed & regained their
pre-displaced living standard in the post displacement stage.
Ø To ascertain as to what are the
risk factors that have been responsible for the
non-restoration/non-reconstruction of the livelihood of the displaced persons.
Ø To know the status of rehabilitation
and displacement in Odisha.
Ø To examine & identify the
constitutional and legal framework especially made for displacement and
rehabilitation purpose.
Ø To know about judicial
intervention for the protection of rights of the displaced persons.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
This
research work is based on Doctrinal and empirical study. Hence the empirical
study will be conducted in the state of Odisha and the doctrinal study will be
conducted on the national level itself.
HYPOTHESIS:-
Ø The Land Acquisition legislation
is outdated and is not balancing the interests of victims(agriculturist) with
that of industry.
Ø The development process initiated
by government is not taking into account the livelihood(Art.21) and other
socio-economic problems of the displaced and there is no such condition in the
Memorandum of Understanding singed by
the state.
Ø In Odisha maximum sufferers are
tribal due to rapid industrialisation in the sector of mines and mines related
industries without any corporate social responsibility.
Ø Judicial decisions are also not
adequate and for proper guidelines are yet to be set out.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:
This
research is to be based on eclatical approach of research methodology demands
both empirical and doctrinal research methodology. Therefore this research will
consist comparative, analytical and survey method as per the requirement of the
research. In empirical method the researchers has to collect various
information from the stake holders by using survey technique.
Under
doctrinal method the researcher has to collect various information for this
research from primary sources and secondary sources i.e. books, journals,
magazines, Articles, Reports of Law commission along with conducted survey.
Data Collection:-
The
Data collection will be conducted through primary as well as secondary sources,
i.e. books, journals, law commission reports, articles etc. Through empirical
research as well as doctrinal research the information related to this research
work will be collected.
Data Analysis:-
After
the collection of data, it will be analysed. Critical study of the entire
research will be placed and the hypothesis will be tested and basing on the
research recommendation will be guided.
Research Design:
This
research work is to be designed into seven Chapters. Such chapters are;
Chapter-I
deals with Introduction, which will contain meaning and concept of
Displacement, rehabilitation, reconstruction etc.
Chapter-II
deals with Research Methodology under which the researcher has taken certain
hypothesis, objectives of the study, Area of study, Methodology of the study,
Research Design.
Chapter-III
refers to Land Acquisition problems, causes, consequences and challenges in
India and other countries. In which Land acquisition problems are to be
discussed, causes and consequences of land acquisition and displacement are to
be discussed. The emerging challenges towards land acquisition also to be point
out. Along with a comparative study in relation to land acquisition of India
and other developed and under developed countries are to be discussed.
Chapter-IV
refers to Constitutional and legislative aspects of land acquisition and
compensation in India. In which the researcher have to discuss about the
constitutional provisions and legislations in relation to land acquisition and
displacement and rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Chapter-V refers to Displacement and
Rehabilitation- Statistical and empirical study from post-independence era with
special reference to Odisha. In which the researcher has to discuss about the
position of displacement and rehabilitation in Odisha and along with
statistical and empirical data has to be presented.
Chapter-VI
deals with Judicial Intervention. In which how the judiciary protect the rights
of the displaced persons and simultaneously give directions to the govt to
compensate the victims are to be discussed.
Chapter-VII
implies about Appraisal and recommendations. In which the hypothesis are tested
and outcomes of the research study will be pointed out and recommendations are
to be suggested.
REFFERENCES
Allatt, P. (1984).
"Residential Security: Containment and Displacement of Burglary." Howard
Journal 23:00-116.
Bannister. J. (1091). The
Impact of Environmental Design upon the Incidence and Type of Crime, a
Literature Review. Edinburgh. UK: Central Research Unit. Scottish Office.
Barr. R. and K. Pease (1992).
"A Place for Every Crime and Every Crime in its Place: An Alternative
Perspective on Crime Displacement."
In: D.J. Evans, N.R. Fyfe and D.T. Herbert
(eds.). Crime, Policing and Place. Essays in Environmental Criminology. London,
UK: Routledge.
Barron, J.M. (1991)
"Repulsive and Attractive Displacement." Paper presented to the
American Society of Criminology, November 1991. San Francisco.
Bennett, T. and R. Wright (1984).
Burglars on Burglary; Prevention and the offender. Aldershot: Gower.
Bieleman, B. and L. Kroes (1991).
Door Regelen In de MaaU Readies van
Drugsgebrutkers
op Maatregelen van Overheid en Burger. Groningen,
NETH: Stichting Intraval.
Brantingham, P.L. and P.J.
Brantingham (1993). "Environment, Routine,
and Situation: Toward a Pattern
Theory of Crime."
Mukherjee. S. and P. Wilson (1987).
"Neighborhood Watch: Issues and
Policy Implications." Trends and Issues (8).
Canberra, AUS: Australian
Institute of Criminology.
TIME
FRAME
Data Collection:- One Year
Data Analysis:- Six Month
Report Writing:- Six Month
BIO-DATA
Post Applied for : Vice-Chancellor, National Law
University, Odisha, Cuttack.
1. Name : DR. PRADIP KUMAR SARKAR
2. Present Position : Professor, P.G. Department of Law.
Co-ordinator, Centre of Human Rights,
Utkal University, Vani Vihar.
3. Date of Birth : 12.05.1953
4. Present Emoluments : Basic Pay Rs. 68970.00 per month,
Gross Pay Rs.132422.00 per month
4. Academic Qualification : LL. M., Ph.D.
5. Teaching Experience : 34 years at
Post Graduate Level.
Joined as Lecturer on 24.11.78.
Reader in 5.2.90.(Regular)
Professor in 23.3.99(Regular)
6. Subject and arena of interest: Child Rights, Human Rights, Law & Social
Transformation,
Business Law, Legislative Principles, Jurisprudence,
Intellectual Property Rights, Environmental Law, etc.
7. Administrative Experience :
§
Vice-Chancellor (I/C), Utkal University.
§
Chairman Post-Graduate Council, Utkal
University.
§
Head, P.G. Department of Law, Utkal University.
§
Dean, Faculty of Law, Utkal University.
§
Chairman Subject Research Committee, Utkal
University.
§
Principal (I/C) University Law College,
Bhubaneswar.
§
Expert member of Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur
Selection Committee for the appointment of Principal/ Full time Lecture/ Part
time Lecturer in the faculty of law.
§
Member Selection Board of Orissa Public Service
Commission for the appointment of Additional Public Prosecutor.
§
Expert member of Andhra University Selection
Committee for the appointment of Full
time Lecture/ Reader in the faculty of law.
§
Member, High Power Committee in Law ,government
of odiisha.
§
Member, Academic Council, Utkal University.
§
Member, Senate, Utkal University.
§
Member of Estate Committee, Utkal University.
§
Member, Regulation Amending Committee, Utkal
University.
§
Member,
Residence Committee, Utkal University.
§
Superintendent, Madhusudhan Chhatrabas, Utkal
University.
§
Chairperson, Board of Studies & Conducting
Board, Utkal University.
§
Member, Board of Studies & Conducting Board,
Sambalpur University.
§
Member, Five Year Integrated B.A., LL.B.
(Honours) Course.
§
Convenor, Legal Aid Clinic, P.G. Department of
Law, Utkal University.
§
Co-ordinator, Centre of Human Rights, Utkal
University.
§
Advisor, Utkal University Student's Union.
§
Member, Gradation Committee, Utkal University.
§
Course Co-ordinator P.G. Diploma in Human Rights
& Duties Education.
§
Advisor,
Committee for Legal Aid to Poor.
§
Advisor, Human Rights Committee.
8. Life Membership : (i) Indian Society of Criminology.
(ii) Indian Society of Victimology.
(iii) State Council for Child Welfare.
(iv) Indian Red-Cross Association.
9. Academic Member :
o
National Institute of Public Co-operation &
Child Development (NIPCCD), Hauskhas, New Delhi.
o
Chairman, Board of Studies of Utkal University.
o
Chairman, Board of Studies of North-Orissa
University.
o
Chairman, Board of Studies of Fakir Mohan
University.
10.
Resource Person :
Ø
State Judicial Academy.
Ø
State Police Academy.
Ø
Gopabandhu Academy of Administration.
Ø
Academic Staff College, Utkal University.
Ø
Academic Staff College, Sambalpur University.
Ø
Academic Staff College, Andhra University.
Ø
Academic Staff College, Kolkata University.
Ø
Academic Staff College, Banaras Hindu University.
Ø
Academic Staff College, Jammu University.
Ø
Academic Staff College, Punjab University.
Ø
Teacher Refresher Courses in Law, Human Rights,
Sociology, Political Science, Anthropology, Public Administration.
Ø
Resource Persons in Teachers’ Refresher Course
at Gauhati University.
Organised/
Convened:
Ø
A week long Seminar on "Law & Social
Change” at M.S.Law College, Cuttack, Orissa.
Ø
"Dowry-A Social evil" at M.S. Law
College, Cuttack, Orissa.
Ø
"Women, Law & Human Rights " at
P.G. Department of Law, Utkal University.
Ø
Inauguration and Celebration of Human Rights Day
on 10th Dec..
Ø
Symposium on "Protection of Human Rights
& Human Values " at P.G. Department of Law, Utkal University and
celebration of Human Rights Day on 10th December1997.
Ø
Tribunal Justice System "State Level
Seminar on 28th April 1998 at the P.G. Department of Law".
Ø
Expert Consultation on Child Labour held in the
P.G. Department of Law on the International Anti Child Labour day on 30th April
1998 in collaboration with CPSW &OLS.
Ø
Poverty- a-great challenge in the implementation
of Human Rights in India held at P.G. Department of Law on 13th May 1998.
Ø
Human Rights 28th April 2000 on the Birth
Anniversary of Late Utkal Gauraba Madhusudan Das, Centre of Human Rights, P.G.
Department of Law & Utkal University at the P.G. Council Hall.
Ø
Legal Control of Air Pollution in India with
special reference to state of Orissa (NEAC Programme) 6th April 2000 at P.G.
Department of Law, Utkal University.
Ø
Lok Adalat & Legal Aid 6th May 2000 P.G.
Department of Law, Utkal University.
Ø
Affirmative Action, Reservation and disability
discrimination by Dr. Scott Palmer, Prof. Of University of Maryland, U.S.A. at
P.G. Law 19th February 2001.
Ø
Law & Policies relating to Child Labour at
P.G. Department of Law, 22nd April 2001.
Ø
National Seminar on “Domestic Violence and
Sexual Harassment” organised by P.G.Dept. of Law, Utkal University on April
2007.
Ø
UGC Sponsored State Level Workshop on Curriculum
Designing of Human Rights Education for 3years & 5 years Integrated
B.A.LL.B(Hons) Courses for The Universities of Orissa organized by P.G.Dept. of
Law, Utkal University on 30th March 2007.
Ø
UGC Sponsored State Level Seminar on “Honour
Killing” organized by University Law
College, Bhubaneswar.
Ø
UGC Sponsored State Level Seminar on ”Status of
Working Women in Unorganized Sector” organized by Kendrapara Law College,
Kendrapara.
Ø
Academic Member Choice Based course structure,
Utkal University on Law.
11. Research Experience :
·
Undertaken Ph.D., in "Rights and
Liabilities of Minors in Indian Legal System with special reference to
commercial transactions" under Prof. Dr. K.D. Gaur.
·
Mr. Suvendu Pati, Awarded Ph.d under my guidance on topic “
Anti-Defection law in India- A Critical study”.
·
Mr. Rabinarayana Panda, Awarded Ph.d under my
guidance on topic “Sexual and Domestic Violence against Women in India A Socio
Legal Analysis”.
·
Mrs. Jharna Swain, Awarded Ph.d under my
Co-Guidance on topic “Juvenile Justice- A Socio-Legal Study” in Sociology.
·
Mr. Shaikh Sahanwaz Islam, submitted Ph.d Thesis on topic “Right to Information-As
a tool of Good Governance”.
·
Mr. Niranjan Parida, submitted Ph.d thesis on topic “A critical
study of law relating to civil servants accountability for Good Governance”.
·
Mr. Dhirendra Narayan Nayak, submitted Ph.d
thesis on topic “Implementation of Social Security measures in the Steel
industries of Orissa- An Analytical study with special reference to Rourkela
steel plant”.
·
Mrs Shyamli Mukharjee submitted her Ph.d thesis
on topic “Protection of Traditional knowledge under Intellectual Property Right
with special reference to Mayurbhanj District”.
·
Mrs. Madhubrata Mohanty submitted ph.d thesis on
Lokpal- A watchdog institution for Good Governance with special reference to
Odisha-A Critical Analysis”.
12. Monographs :
ü
"Law & Social Change in India".
ü
"Dowry- A Social Evil".
13. Paper Published :
§
"Do Judges' make Law ", Cuttack Law
Times.
§
"Constitutional Casteism "- in Journal 'Citizen'
§
"Ambedkar and the Constitution of India
"- Journal of Harijan & tribal welfare, Government of Orissa; special
volume published in the Centenary
Year of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.
§
"Ambedkar the Champion of Human Rights in
India " in BRANI journal.
§
“Infringement of Copy Right & Neighbouring
Rights and Legal Remedies”- ASIAD Journal.
§
“ Right to Information Act,2005- A March from
Secrecy to Transparency”- ASIAD Journal.
14. Papers presented in International, National & State
Level Seminars:
International:
"Violation of Human Rights at the tribal
belts of Orissa" International Seminar on "Human Rights" held at
Indian Social Institute, Delhi as a delegate from Utkal University and Orissa
from 3rd -8th , January 1991.
Challenges on promoting Human Rights in India,
in "Ethnicity, Communalism, Globalisation and Human Rights" 24-25
March 2000, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation & University of Calcutta.
National:
"Ambedkar- the messiah of Human Rights in
India " U.G.C. sponsored National Seminar at held at Vani Vihar by P.G.
Department of Law, Vani Vihar in Feb. 1993.
"Child Labour Abolition-Dilemma of
implementation" U.G.C. & UNICEF and I.L.O. sponsored National Seminar
held at Hotel Swosti, Organized by University Law College, Vani Vihar between
27th-28th May, 1995.
"Environment, Environmental Pollution and
Health Hazards in Cuttack Municipality" National Seminar on 'Habitat
Management' organized by M.S. Law College, Cuttack on 10th & 11th May,
1994.
"Social Justice and Indian
Constitution" National Seminar on 'Social Justice' organized by the
Special Assistance of Philosophy Department, Vani Vihar.
"Human Rights, Human Rights' Commission and
Remedial Justice" National Seminar on 'Human Rights' organized by
University Law College, Vani Vihar.
"Judicial Activism to be or not to be - the
Indian Experiment" National Seminar on "Judicial Activism "
organized by G.M. Law College, Puri on 26th April, 1996.
"Dr.
B.R. Ambedkar- the Champion of Human Rights in India" National Seminar
organized by BRANI held at Regional Research Laboratory Auditorium,
Bhubaneswar on 18th April, 1995.
“Environmental Law, Education and Advocacy” A
National Seminar organized by P.G. Dept. of Law, Utkal University in
association with the Centre for Environmental Education Research Advocacy of
National Law School of India University, Bangalore, on 5th &6th
September, 1998.
Human Rights, Human Values and need for
indigenous Human Rights Education in India 24-25July 1999, National Seminar on
"Human Rights Education", Banaras Hindu University.
Law and Ethical Issues relating to genome,
National Seminar on "Human Genetics, Health and Ethical Issues",
March 24-26, 2001 Department of Anthropology, Utkal University.
Infringement of Copy Right and Neighboring Right
& Legal Remedies, "National Seminar on Copy Right: Retrospect &
Prospect" Sponsored by Ministry of HRD, New Delhi, Organised By University
Law College, 24-25 March 2002.
Appointment of Judges & Accountability,
"National Seminar on Judicial Independence & Accountability"
24-25 June 2002.
Law and Policy relating to child in the
constitution and legislations, National Workshop on Girl Child Labour 31st
September 2003 Organised CACL at BBSR.
Centre for Women and Law, NLIU, Bangalore,
participated in State Level consultation on Manual for lower judiciary on
Trafficking of women & children? For commercial sexual exploitation.
Inter State meeting between Maharastra &
Orissa on Networking Approach for Prevention of Trafficking & Commercial
Sexual Exploitation of Women & Children, Bhubaneswar on 10th
October 2006.
“National Workshop on CRZ Regulation” organized
by Nalsar-University of Law, Hyderabad on 20th April 2007.
“The Legal Education and the future vision of
the Legal Profession”-A National Seminar organized by Bar Council of India
& Orissa State Bar Council of on 14th & 15th
April 2007.
UGC sponsored National Conference on Relevancy
of law as on instrument for Protection of Environment held on 10th
& 11th February 2007 at Denkanal Law College.
“Freedom and Dignity for all Children”- A
National Convention on Right to Education and Abolition of Child Labour
organized by Unicef in collaboration with ILO on 11th & 12th
December, 2008 at Vigyan Bhaban, New Delhi.
World Consumer Rights Day on 24th
March 2009 at North Orissa University organized by District Consumer Disputes
Redressal Forum, Mayurbhanja & P.G. Deptt. Of Law, North Orissa University.
UGC sponsored National Seminar on Role of
Self-Help Groups in Civil Society organized by G.M. Law College,Puri on 4th
February 2010.
National Seminar on Democratic Governance and
Subaltern Leadership in India 27th & 28th March 2010
organised by Centre for Ambedkar Studies.
National Symposium on Globalisation and
Intellectual Property Rights on 27th February, 2010 organised by
University Law College, Utkal University.
UGC sponsored Seminar on Maintainance and
Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens on 15th May 2010 organised by
D.S.Law college, Kendrapara.
World Teachers’ Day on 5th October
2010 at Red Cross Bhawan organized by National Coalition for Education and
AIPTF.
National Seminar on “Consumer Protection and
Welfare” on 13th & 14th August, 2010 organised by Dr.
Ambedkar College of Law, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam in association with
Centre for Consumer Studies, Indian Institution of Public Administration, New
Delhi.
National Management seminar on Legal imperatives
in Business: The Changing Paradigm on 27th February 2010 at Asian
School of Business of Business Management and chaired the session presented a
paper on “ New Dimensions in Business Law”.
National Symposium on “ Globalization & Law”
organized by University Law College, BBSR on 27th February 2010.
One Day Training Programme on “Human Rights”
organized by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar College of Law, Adhra University, Visakhapatnam
in collaboration with The National Human Rights Commission, New Delhi on 10th
December 2010.
National Seminar on “ Challenges on RTI Awareness”
organized by SOA National Institute of Law, Siksha “O” Anusandhan University on
12th February 2011.
National Seminar on “Social Exclusion &
Social Justice in India” organized by Centre for Social Exclusion &
Inclusive Policy Study, Directorate of Distance and Continuing Education, Utkal
University.
UGC sponsored National Seminar on “Surrogacy in
India: Problems and Law” organized by University Law College, Utkal University
in collaboration with G.M. Law college, Puri on 28th & 29th
March 2011.
UGC sponsored National Seminar on “Gramnyayalaya
Doorstep to access to justice” organized by G.M.Law college,Puri in
collaboration with Odisha State Bar Council, Cuttack on 16th &
17th April, 2011.
UGC sponsored National Seminar on “ Law, Justice
and Social Transformation in India” organized by M.S.Law College, Cuttack on 17th
& 18th December, 2011.
UGC Sponsored National Seminar on Media &
Law for Stability and Social Change, organized by Dinabandhu Sahu Law college,
Kendrapara, Orissa in Collaboration with The New Indian Express Group(Orissa)
Bhubaneswar on 22nd &23rd January 2011.
National Seminar on “Judiciary, Ethics and
Justice Delivery in India” Jointly organized by National Law University, Orissa
& Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi on 21st &22nd
January 2012.
National Seminar on “ Challenges to
Administration in India” organized by P.G. Deptt. Of Public Administration,
Utkal University on 20th March 2012.
National Seminar on “ Empowering Tribals:
Education, Health & ivelihood” organized by Deptt. Of Anthropology, Utkal
University in collaboration with Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata on 27th
& 28th March 2012.
UGC sponsored National Seminar on “Women and
Environment” organized by P.G. Deptt. Of Sociology and School of Women’s
Studies, Utkal University on 28th March 2012.
UGC sponsored National Seminar on “Access to Control
over Land-Key to Poverty Reduction” organized by P.G. Deptt. Of Analytical and Applied
Economics, Utkal University in collaboration with UNDP And Institute of Rural
Development on February 23, 2012.
UGC sponsored National Seminar on
“Mining-Economic, Environment, Social Implications” organized by P.G. Deptt. Of
Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University on 24th March,
2012.
UGC sponsored National Seminar on “Human Resource
Development through Physical Education- A New Frontier in Education” organized
by Department of Physical Education, M.S.Law College,Cuttack on 24th & 25th March, 2012.
State Level:
"Ambedkar and the Constitution of
India" Held on the Birth Centenary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar at Soochana Bhawan
under the auspices of Harijan & Tribal Welfare Department of Govt, of
Orissa.
"Inter State Migrant Workmen and Bonded
Labour" Presented a Paper at Puri Youth Hostel organized by SODA &
Puri NGOs.
"Public Participation in Forest Management
and Protection of Wild Life" Kendrapara Law College, Kendrapara.
"Child Labour Prohibition & Abolition
within 2000 A.D." and Heading Expert Group in it. UNICEF and CYSD
Organized joint Seminar to formulate Action Plan for the State at NGO Level at
Hotel Kalinga Ashoka.
"Legislative and supportive measures to
check exploitation of Children" and headed the Expert Group in it. Govt,
of OrissaNGOs & UNICEF joint Symposium to finalise the State Action Plan
for Children.
"Legal Aid- an instrument of Social Justice
in India " Organised by Law College & Orissa Legal Aid Society at
Panth Nivas, Cuttack.
"Juvenile justice Act- 1986 a functional
analysis" Held at Bhubaneswar by National Institute of Public Co-operation
and Child Development, Govt, of India at State Institute of Rural Development
on 19th Sept. 1995.
"Universalisation Elementary Education
" Organised by CPSW on 13th & 14th. December 1997 at Hotel Prachi,
BBSR.
Medico Legal Dimension of AIDs and its
implication, "Symposium on HIV AW s and the Law" 9th & 10th
October 1999.
"Law & Policy relating to Crimes
against Women " Workshop & Violence against Women, 7-8th Dec. 2001.
Venue: Red Cross Bhawan, Organised by TOWARDS.
"Chaired a Session on Violence against
Women and Discrimination" Work on Women Human Rights held on 10-12
December 2001 at Hotel Marion, BBSR, Organised by: Orissa Women Human Rights
Forum.
"Education is the state responsibility Vrs.
Parents' responsibility" State Level Convention on Right to Education, 1st
-2nd Feb.2001,Venue: Soochana Bhawan. Organised by: Forum Against Child
Exploitation Supported By: Child Relief Year, Calcutta.
"Child Labour Prohibition & Regulation
Act 1986 relating to Child Labour in domestic & Hotel sector", Eastern
Region consultation on Child Labour in domestic & Hotel Sector, 17th &
18th Feb. 2001. Venue: State Institute of Family Health & Welfare, Orissa.
Organised by: CACL Central Secretariate.
"Main Resource Person on Round Table of
Legislature on Child Labour Dt. 29th May 2001- a participating discussion with
MLAs, MPs, Ministers and speakers of Orissa ", Organised by: CACL &
PECUC Venue: Hotel Kalinga Ashok,
BBSR.
"Resource Person on Making Media Conscious
about Child Labour" Organised by: CACL & PECUC Held on: 30th May Venue:
Jatrinivas, Konark.
"Prevention of Terrorism Act - A Sword or a
Shield", Seminar on "Does India Need a special Law for prevention of
Terrorism" Sponsored by: U.G.C. Org. by: G.M. Law College, Puri., Dt.
31.03.2002.
"Beedi Cigar Workers Act Implementation
& non-implementation " Deliberated as a Resource Person on Beedi
Worker's Sammelan held on the Occasion of Padayatra on Beedi Worker's issue
from 20th 27th March 2002, at Angul Held on closing ceremony on 27th March
2002.
Organised Seminar cum Workshop on "Law
& Policies relating to Child Labour" 22.04.2001 Venue: P.G. Department
of Law, Utkal University, BBSR.
Rights to Education - A fundamental Right
Discussion with Member of Parliaments of Orissa in Making 95th Amendment a
reality. Seminar on "Ensure Fundamental Rights to education for all
children upto 18 years", before passing of the 95th amendment (Act) Bill,
IDC Seminar Hall Org. By: PECUC & CACL.
"Awareness of Human Rights to Poor and
Tribals of Orissa" Legal Aid Day Celebration among At: Bhawani Patna,
Kalahandi Organised by: CLAP
Defects and difficulties in implementing
"The Milk substitute feeding Bottles and Infant Foods Act on the occasion
of Breast Feeding week lst-7th July, 2001" organised by CLAP, held on 5th
July 2002, Hotel Garden Inn.
Resource Person closing Ceremony Seminar on
"Empowerment of Women-Challenges and Projection in the New Millenium
" 4-5th February 2001
.Venue: M.S. College, Baramba.
Governance-current crisis and Need for Reform,
1st September 2003. Law Protecting Livelihood of Street Vendors, 14th October
2003, Organised by NASVI, BBSR.
State Level Meeting on “Ensuring Women’s access
to and control over land” organized by Women Power Connect, Oxfam, Institute
for social Development in collaboration with P.G. Deptt. Of Law, Utkal
University.
State Level Consultative Workshop on Right to
Information organized by Indian Institution of Education & Care(IIEC) on 10th
& 11th March 2012.
Training on Human Rights Law and Lawyering
organized by Committee for Legal Aid to oor(CLAP).
15. Area/Field of
interest :
ü
Comment on Children's Bill in Orissa, Hotel
Swosti, BBSR, Org. CACL, Orissa.
ü
National Programme for H/R Education in Schools
Utkal Main Hall, BBSR, Org. Institute of H/R Edn.
ü
Rights of the child from the CRC perspective,
Hotel Keshari, BBSR. Org. CLAP.
ü
Critique on CLPR Act, 1986, National Conference
on Child Labour, Inter Council of Churches, Egmore Tamil Nadu, Org. CACL India.
ü
Universal Declaration of H/R 1948 and India,
Yatri Nivas, Konark, Org. IHRE&PECOC.
ü
Right to Information Act, 2005 Retrospect &
Prospect, Town Hall, Puri Org. PUBLIC.
ü
H/R International view & Indian
Constitution, Yatri Nivas, Konark. Org. IHRE & PUCUC.
ü
Resource person on Child Labour & J.J. Act,
2000. Social Legal Dimension, North Eastern States, Gouhati, Org. PDH &
CACL.
ü
Effective Functioning of C.W.C Regional Workshop
for C.W.C Members on Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, February, 2006.
ü
Environmental Pollution and Eco. System,
Restoration-legal view. Org. Botany Dept., Utkal University.
ü
State Level Seminar on Inter Country Adoption
Problems & Prospect sponsored by O.G.C. Org. by D.S. Law College, Kendra
Para.
ü
Critical Review of Juvenile Justice, Act. 2000
& Child Rights, Red Cross Hall. Org. Child care, BBSR.
ü
Problem of Compulsory Registration of Marriage among
Hindu, Mohammedans & Christian Communities, Consultation on Compulsory.
Registration of Marriage, CYSD, BRTC, BBSR Org. CLAP.
ü
State Level Consultation on National Green
Tribunal Bill 2009, organized by
Vasundhara, BBSR & TAI India, New Delhi on 7th November 2009.
ü
6th State Covention on “Right to
Information” organized by Odisha Soochana Adhikar Abhijan on 16th
August 2011.
ü
UGC sponsored A State level Seminar on
“Democratic Governance in India: New Challenges” organized by P.G.Dept. of
Political Science, Utkal University on 17th November, 2011.
16. Extension Lectures Delivered:
o
"Child Labour Problem and Solution"
State Level workshop organized by CENDERET at Xavier Institute of Management,
Bhubaneswar.
o
"Juvenile Justice" CENDERET, Xavier
Institute of Management, BBSR.
o
"Rights to Health & Medico Legal
Cases" CENDERET, Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar.
o
"Health for all by 2000 A.D. Legal &
Constitutional Protection" CENDERET, Xavier Institute of Management,
Bhubaneswar.
o
"Juvenile Justice in Orissa" State
Council of Child Welfare, Bhubaneswar.
o
“Sexual Assault of Women in India" S.C.S.,
Welfare.
o
"Critical Comment on the proposed rule made
by Govt, of India on in Country and Inter Country Adoption" State Council
for Child Welfare
o
"Human Rights in India Concept and
Implementation " SODA, Bhubaneswar
o
"Inter State Migrant Workmen and Bonded
Labour Legislation in India" Youth Hostel Puri, Organized by SODA
o
"Child Labour - A programme for
abolition" Baptist Church at Jatni organized by SODA.
o
"Human Rights of Women in India" Youth
Hostel Puri, Organised SODA and DIPS Communication.
o
"Human Rights of non-wage earner Women in
India" At Co-operative Training Institute, BBSR. organized by Red Cross
Society, State Unit.
o
"Plight of Indian Women and Need for a change
in Law and Social outlook" At Kulasahi organized by NGO and OSLAB.
o
"New forest policy and proposed forest
Legislation- An overview" At Panthaniwas, BBSR, Organised by CPSW.
o
"Adoption of Children" At Hotel
Keshari organized by Sanjeevani between 19th-20th March, 1995.
o
"Consumer Protection in Orissa" At
Jatni conducted by State Legal Aid and Advisory Board.
o
"Public Interest Litigation" At Jatni
organized by SHREAD.
o
"Public Interest Litigation a Movement of
Legal Aid". At Sahid Bhawan organized by State legal and Advisory Board.
o
"Law and Social Change in India" At
Para Legal Training for Women at Vani Vihar organized by P.G. Department of Law
& OLAB.
o
"Human Rights International National and
Perspectives" At Department of Philosophy, Special Assistance to UGC
Teachers' Training Programme.
o
"Human Rights in India, Constitutional and
Legal Perspective""Natya Chetana" Karmasala at Jatri Niwas.
o
"Child Rights Convention" Organised by National Council of Teacher's
Education at Panth Nivas on 23rd-26th October, 1997.
o
"Child Labour Problem in Orissa" in
view of the Supreme Court directives and modalities to collect statics Joint
Seminar & Workshop of Labour Officers and NGOs Organised by Deptt. of
Labour, Govt, of Orissa, May 1997.
o
"Child Labour Prohibition or Abolition-Need
for a new Legislation" CACL workshop at Soochana Bhawan, May 1997.
o
"Human Rights Propagation &
Protection" Organised by State Committee on Human Rights at Konark on 27th
September, 1997.
o
"Child Abuse- Problem & Remedy"
Organised by Rotary Circle, BBSR & UNICEF 1997 on 28th September, 1997.
o
"Civil & Political Rights
Protection" P.G. Department of Law, Utkal University, Vani Vihar on 10th
December, 1997.
Date:- 11.2.13 Signature
Bhubaneswar:- Prof.(Dr)
P.K.Sarkar
[1] The concept ‘eminent domain’, as we know it today,
can be traced to the Latin term Eminenes Dominium, which referred to a
government’s power to appropriate private property for the public’s use, with
or without the property owner’s consent.
[2] The LAA under § 3 (f) defines
public purpose to include provision of village sites, extention, planned
development, or improvement of existing village sites; the provision of land
for town or rural planning; the provision of land for planned development of
land from public funds in pursuance of any scheme or policy of Government and
subsequent disposal thereof in whole or in part by lease, assignment or outright
sale with the object of securing further development as planned etc.
[3] See § 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894.
[4] Ramaswamy R Iyer, Towards a Just
Displacement and Rehabilitation Policy, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY, July
28th 2007, 3103.
[5] Id. See also
India’s Failed Rehabilitation Policy, THE SOUTH ASIAN, December 22, 2007,
[6] See Shripad
Dharmadhikari, Resettlement Policy: Promising Start and a Let Down, INDIA
TOGETHER, November 12, 2007
available at http://www.indiatogether.org/2007/nov/hrtrandrpol.
htm (Last visited on November 2,
2008).
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